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Brief facts about xci:

X-inactivation is a process by which one of the copies of the X chromosome is inactivated in therian female mammals. The inactive X chromosome is silenced by being packaged into a transcriptionally inactive structure called heterochromatin. As nearly all female mammals have two X chromosomes, X-inactivation prevents them from having twice as many X chromosome gene products as males, who only possess a single copy of the X chromosome. The choice of which X chromosome will be inactivated in a particular embryonic cell is random in placental mammals such as humans, but once an X chromosome is inactivated it will remain inactive throughout the lifetime of the cell and its descendants in the organism.

Sex-determination system - A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. Most organisms that create their offspring using sexual reproduction have two common sexes and a few less common intersex variations. In some species, there are hermaphrodites.

Dosage compensation - Dosage compensation is the process by which organisms equalize the expression of genes between members of different biological sexes. Across species, different sexes are often characterized by different types and numbers of sex chromosomes.

Barr body - A Barr body or X-chromatin is an inactive X chromosome. In species with XY sex-determination, females typically have two X chromosomes, and one is rendered inactive in a process called lyonization.

Heterochromatin - Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA or condensed DNA, which comes in multiple varieties. These varieties lie on a continuum between the two extremes of constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin. Both play a role in the expression of genes.

Epigenetics - In biology, epigenetics is the study of heritable traits, or a stable change of cell function, that happen without changes to the DNA sequence. The Greek prefix epi- in epigenetics implies features that are "on top of" or "in addition to" the traditional genetic mechanism of inheritance.

Skewed X-inactivation - Skewed X-chromosome inactivation occurs when the X-inactivation of one X chromosome is favored over the other, leading to an uneven number of cells with each chromosome inactivated.

Sex-determination systems

Epigenetics

Molecular genetics